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. 2019 Jul 10;62(8):2584–2600. doi: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-S-18-0126

Table 3.

Unadjusted group means (standard deviations) of phonatory and respiratory measures for women and men.

Condition by sex Primary phonatory
Secondary phonatory
Primary respiratory
Covariates
Rlaw (cmH2O/[L/s])
Ps (cmH2O)
U (L/s)
Ve (L/min)
PETCO2 (mm Hg)
f0 (Hz)
SPL (dB)
M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD)
Women
 Rest–standing
  Quiet/silent 11.9 (1.7) 32.1 (2.5)
  Spontaneous 62.6 (20.3) 9.5 (2.3) 0.16 (0.05) 9.7 (2.9) 34.0 (2.2) 217.9 (21.0) 86.5 (3.3)
  Loud 120.5 (45.8) 16.5 (4.2) 0.15 (0.05) 10.6 (2.7) 33.1 (2.0) 240.7 (23.9) 95.1 (2.7)
 Low workload
  Quiet/silent 36.1 (6.8) 43.7 (3.0)
  Spontaneous 69.8 (33.3) 12.0 (3.4) 0.20 (0.07) 15.3 (4.5) 54.5 (4.5) 229.4 (29.2) 91.3 (4.4)
  Loud 104.1 (40.5) 17.0 (4.1) 0.18 (0.06) 16.4 (8.7) 53.9 (4.1) 255.2 (30.1) 97.3 (3.6)
 High workload
  Quiet/silent 46.6 (8.9) 45.2 (3.7)
  Spontaneous 69.3 (28.6) 12.7 (3.4) 0.21 (0.07) 18.0 (4.0) 59.5 (5.3) 237.2 (35.2) 91.6 (3.9)
  Loud 92.7 (42.4) 16.8 (5.6) 0.20 (0.07) 19.3 (13.7) 59.1 (4.5) 265.4 (36.0) 97.3 (2.7)
Men
 Rest–standing
  Quiet/silent 12.7 (1.4) 34.9 (1.5)
  Spontaneous 40.6 (15.6) 7.2 (0.8) 0.19 (0.05) 8.9 (3.1) 36.7 (2.2) 122.9 (14.5) 94.0 (3.0)
  Loud 53.8 (25.7) 14.5 (5.9) 0.28 (0.02) 8.5 (0.5) 34.9 (2.4) 162.5 (17.2) 100.8 (1.4)
 Low workload
  Quiet/silent 43.0 (11.1) 47.1 (4.3)
  Spontaneous 28.0 (9.3) 8.6 (1.0) 0.33 (0.10) 12.2 (3.2) 58.3 (6.3) 136.3 (26.5) 97.6 (1.8)
  Loud 53.4 (25.0) 18.4 (4.8) 0.37 (0.09) 13.4 (4.5) 56.7 (5.0) 172.3 (22.3) 102.5 (2.1)
 High workload
  Quiet/silent 57.8 (12.4) 52.2 (6.8)
  Spontaneous 24.6 (0.5) 9.8 (3.2) 0.33 (0.01) 16.8 (3.1) 62.9 (4.1) 129.7 (13.6) 97.4 (3.5)
  Loud 45.3 (32.2) 15.8 (6.3) 0.41 (0.14) 22.4 (7.7) 60.6 (4.6) 193.6 (39.3) 106.2 (0.6)

Note. Rlaw = laryngeal airway resistance; Ps = estimated subglottal pressure; U = translaryngeal airflow; Ve = minute ventilation; PETCO2 = end-tidal carbon dioxide; f0 = fundamental frequency; SPL = sound pressure level.