Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and pre-treatment performance (means and standard deviations) on cognitive and linguistic assessments.
| Demographic characteristic/assessment | All PPA |
svPPA |
lvPPA |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 18 | n = 9 | n = 9 | |
| Sex (male/female) | 7/11 | 4/5 | 3/6 |
| Age | 65.28 (8.32) | 67.33 (8.72) | 63.22 (7.84) |
| Education (years) | 17.67 (2.74) | 18.44 (1.94) | 16.89 (3.30) |
| Reported time postonset of symptoms (years) | 4.63 (2.75) | 4.39 (2.62) | 4.86 (3.02) |
| Handedness (right/left/ambi) | 12/4/2 | 7/1/1 | 5/3/1 |
| Mini-Mental State Examination (30) | 23.67 (4.30) | 25.78 (2.22) | 21.56 (4.93) |
| CVLT Total (36) a | 17.22 (7.64) | 17.78 (7.40) | 16.67 (8.28) |
| CVLT 10-min Recall (9) a | 3.17 (2.36) | 2.56 (2.13) | 3.78 (2.54) |
| Complex Figure Copy (17) a | 14.39 (3.76) | 15.22 (1.30) | 13.56 (5.17) |
| Complex Figure Recall (17) a | 8.22 (3.34) | 9.56 (3.28) | 6.89 (2.98) |
| Complex Figure Recognition (1) a | 0.94 (0.24) | 1 (0) | 0.89 (0.33) |
| Calculations (5) a , b | 3.67 (1.24) | 4.44 (0.73) | 2.89 (1.17) |
| Digit Span Forward a , b | 5.33 (1.53) | 6.44 (0.88) | 4.22 (1.20) |
| Digits Span Backward a , b | 3.76 (1.39) | 4.55 (1.42) | 2.88 (0.64) |
| PPVT Short (16) a , b | 11.33 (4.98) | 8.78 (5.78) | 13.90 (2.15) |
| Phonemic Fluency (Letters) | 6.78 (2.76) | 8 (3.12) | 5.56 (1.74) |
| Category Fluency (Animals) | 7.11 (3.79) | 7.22 (4.18) | 7 (3.61) |
| Western Aphasia Battery AQ (100) | 81.36 (9.55) | 84.84 (8.85) | 77.88 (9.38) |
| Motor Speech Eval: AOS (0–7) | 0.17 (0.71) | 0 (0) | 0.33 (1) |
| Motor Speech Eval: Dysarthria (0–7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Pyramids and Palm Trees Test (52) | 47.79 (6.00) | 45.33 (7.60) | 50.25 (2.25) |
| Boston Naming Test (%) | 41.07 (25.66) | 28.25 (21.12) | 53.89 (21.20) |
| UCSF Syntax Comprehension Test (%) b | 93.37 (7.38) | 97.32 (2.64) | 89.43 (8.58) |
| Arizona Phonological Battery (%) | 58.32 (23.98) | 67.36 (23.71) | 46.28 (20.09) |
Note. PPA = primary progressive aphasia; svPPA = semantic variant primary progressive aphasia; lvPPA = logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia; ambi = ambidextrous; CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test; PPVT = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; AQ = Aphasia Quotient; Motor Speech Eval = Motor Speech Evaluation (Wertz et al., 1984; 0 = no impairment, 7 = profound impairment); AOS = apraxia of speech; Pyramids and Palm Trees Test (Howard & Patterson, 1992); University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Syntax Comprehension Test (Wilson, Dronkers, et al., 2010); Arizona Phonological Battery (Beeson et al., 2010).
Indicates assessments from neuropsychological battery described in Kramer et al. (2003), Knopman et al. (2008), and Staffaroni et al. (2019).
Significant differences (p < 0.05) between the diagnostic groups following independent-samples permutation tests.