Table 2.

Lexical retrieval training hierarchy (“Lexical Retrieval Cascade Treatment”; Henry, Rising, et al., 2013).

Treatment step	Procedure	Clinician instructions
1. Semantic self-cue	Picture presented; clinician prompts semantic description and/or episodic/autobiographical information	What can you tell me about it? (Where do you find it? What is it used for? What is it made of?)
2. Orthographic self-cue	Clinician prompts written form of the word (or the first letter)	Can you write the word? Can you write the first letter?
3. Phonemic self-cue	Clinician prompts initial phoneme	What sound does that letter make? What is the first sound of the word?
4. Oral reading	If the item is not yet named, clinician provides written word form and participant reads aloud	Here is the word. Can you read it?
5. Written and spoken repetition	Participant writes and says the word three times	Now write and say the word (three times).
6. Semantic plausibility judgment	Clinician asks five semantic plausibility questions	E.g., Is it spicy? Do you buy it at the farmer's market?
7. Recall	Participant provides two semantic features and writes and says the word	Now tell me two important things about this item. What is this called? Can you write it?