Table 3.
Comparison of sun protection behaviors, tanning behaviors, sunburn occurrence, knowledge, and perceived risk between rural and urban students in Utah
| Outcomea | Geographic area | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p | Adjusted odds ratiob (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunscreen use | Rural Urban | 0.89 (0.63, 1.24) | 0.501 | 0.71 (0.53, 0.95) | 0.022 |
| Re-application of sunscreen | Rural Urban | 0.63 (0.46, 0.87) | 0.005 | 0.61 (0.74, 1.02) | 0.002 |
| Long-sleeved shirt | Rural Urban | 0.66 (0.51, 0.85) | 0.001 | 0.63 (0.46, 0.86) | 0.004 |
| Long pants or long skirt | Rural Urban | 1.58 (1.29, 1.93) | 0.0001 | 1.65 (1.23, 2.21) | 0.001 |
| Wide-brimmed hat | Rural Urban | 1.71 (1.33, 2.06) | 0.0003 | 1.56 (1.15, 2.11) | 0.004 |
| Shade | Rural Urban | 0.62 (0.79, 0.49) | 0.0001 | 0.67 (0.50, 0.88) | 0.005 |
| Avoiding peak UVR exposure hours | Rural Urban | 0.67 (0.51, 0.87) | 0.003 | 0.77 (0.53, 1.13) | 0.186 |
| Sunglasses | Rural Urban | 1.23 (0.85, 1.79) | 0.267 | 0.93 (0.71, 1.24) | 0.660 |
| Outdoor tanning | Rural Urban | 1.69 (1.12, 2.55) | 0.012 | 1.33 (0.87, 2.02) | 0.179 |
| Indoor tanning | Rural Urban | 1.81 (1.24, 2.64) | 0.002 | 1.78 (1.03, 3.07) | 0.039 |
| Sunburns in past year | Rural Urban | 2.01 (1.34, 3.01) | 0.001 | 1.47 (1.05, 2.05) | 0.023 |
| Sunburns in past month | Rural Urban | 1.16 (0.48, 2.78) | 0.738 | 0.96 (0.48, 1.94) | 0.914 |
| Perceived risk | Rural Urban | 1.72 (1.24, 2.37) | 0.001 | 1.42 (1.03, 1.96) | 0.033 |
| Outcomec | Geographic Area | Unadjusted model Mean difference (95% CI) | p | Adjusted modelb Mean difference (95% CI) | p |
| Skin cancer knowledge | Rural Urban | − 0.09 (− 0.39, 0.21) | 0.523 | − 0.37 (− 0.55, − 0.18) | 0.0001 |
| Weekday hours spent outside | Rural Urban | 0.38 (− 0.32, 1.10) | 0.293 | 0.37 (− 0.34, 1.12) | 0.343 |
| Weekend hours spent outside | Rural Urban | 1.26 (0.37, 2.18) | 0.007 | 0.95 (0.12, 1.83) | 0.023 |
CI confidence intervals differences are for rural versus urban, with urban as the reference category
a
Results of multi-level mixed-effects ordered logistic regression for ordinal outcome variables
b
Adjusted for gender, race/ethnicity, grade, and family history of skin cancer
c
Results of generalized linear mixed model for continuous outcome variables
Boldface indicates statistical significance