Video 9. Local cholinergic activation triggers Ca⁺⁺ transients in neighboring spines.

Download video file ^{(311.3KB, mp4)}

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.47918.022

Top: Activation of cholinergic neurons at a single spine (white arrow) triggers Ca⁺⁺ changes at adjacent (red arrow) and distant spines (yellow). ceChrimson::SL2::3xNLS::GFP labels DA and VA nuclei in green (black asterisks). The DD1 cell soma is labeled. Scale bar = 5 µm. Bottom: Traces of local Ca⁺⁺ changes at excited (red), adjacent (white) and distant (yellow) spines over time. Vertical yellow bar denotes the 561 nm excitation window. Note that GCaMP6s signals during the period of 561 nm excitation are interpolated from signals measured immediately before and after excitation.