Table 1.
Patient and disease characteristics at baseline
| Total | TAVI with BAV | TAVI without BAV | P value | |
| Mean±SD or n/N (%) (n=196) |
Mean±SD or n/N (%) (n=56) |
Mean±SD or n/N (%) (n=140) |
||
| Age (years) | 81.2±6.2 | 80.3±5.9 | 81.5±6.3 | 0.178* |
| Female gender | 88/196 (44.9) | 23/56 (41.1) | 65/140 (46.4) | 0.528 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.3±4.8 | 27.8±5.4 | 27.1±4.5 | 0.318 |
| Non-cardiac comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 173/196 (88.3) | 44/56 (78.6) | 129/140 (92.1) | 0.013 |
| Diabetes | 62/194 (32.0) | 18/54 (33.3) | 44/140 (31.4) | 0.864 |
| Stroke/TIA | 27/194 (13.9) | 5/56 (8.9) | 22/138 (15.9) | 0.256 |
| PAD | 22/195 (11.3) | 8/56 (14.3) | 14/139 (10.1) | 0.454 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 70/188 (37.2) | 16/52 (30.8) | 54/136 (39.7) | 0.257 |
| Creatinine ≥2.0 mg/dL | 9/196 (4.6) | 3/56 (5.4) | 6/140 (4.3) | 0.717 |
| Dialysis | 3/196 (1.5) | 1/56 (1.8) | 2/140 (1.4) | 1.000 |
| Cardiac history | ||||
| CAD | 129/196 (65.8) | 37/56 (66.1) | 92/140 (65.7) | 1.000 |
| Prior MI | 24/196 (12.2) | 6/56 (10.7) | 18/140 (12.9) | 0.812 |
| Prior CV intervention | 78/196 (39.8) | 21/56 (37.5) | 57/140 (40.7) | 0.748 |
| Prior pacemaker/ICD | 22/196 (11.2) | 7/56 (12.5) | 15/140 (10.7) | 0.803 |
| Logistic EuroSCORE I (%) | 17.1±13.6 | 16.1±12.1 | 17.5±14.1 | 0.706* |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
| EOA (cm2) | 0.73±0.18 | 0.69±0.17 | 0.75±0.19 | 0.094 |
| Peak AV gradient (mm Hg) | 70.9±22.4 | 74.9±21.7 | 69.0±22.5 | 0.463 |
| Mean AV gradient (mm Hg) | 44.1±15.3 | 47.2±15.7 | 42.8±14.9 | 0.138* |
| Vmax (m/s) | 4.2±0.8 | 4.4±0.6 | 4.1±0.8 | 0.065* |
| LVEF (%) | 52.5±12.4 | 53.2±11.9 | 52.1±12.6 | 0.369* |
| NYHA class III/IV | 138/191 (72.3) | 38/55 (69.1) | 100/136 (73.5) | 0.593 |
| CCS angina class III/IV | 27/187 (14.4) | 6/51 (11.8) | 21/136 (15.4) | 0.644 |
| Syncope/dizziness on exertion | 63/196 (32.1) | 12/56 (21.4) | 51/140 (36.4) | 0.042 |
| Calcification | Median (IQR) n=178 |
Median (IQR) n=55 |
Median (IQR) n=123 |
P value |
| AnnulusCa (mm3) | 17.3 (2.7–50.3) | 13.2 (2.4–49.6) | 18.7 (3.1–53.1) | 0.773 |
| LeafletCa (mm3) | 272.1 (137.1–484.3) | 317.5 (99.7–647.0) | 269.3 (150.7–435.1) | 0.636 |
| LVOTCa (mm3) | 0.0 (0.0–6.8) | 0.0 (0.0–4.9) | 0.0 (0.0–7.3) | 0.735 |
| Bicuspid valve | 2/177 (1.1) | 1/55 (1.8) | 1/124 (0.8) | 0.521 |
AnnulusCa: volume of calcification between 2 mm below and 3 mm above the annulus plane.
LeafletCa: volume of calcification between the annulus plane and superior edge of the leaflets.
LVOTCa: volume of calcification within the 5 mm immediately below the annulus plane.
*Wilcoxon test.
AV, aortic valve; AVA, aortic valve area; BAV, balloon aortic valvuloplasty; CAD, coronary arterydisease; CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society; CV, cardiovascular; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infraction; NYHA, New York HeartAssociation; PAD, peripheral artery disease; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; Vmax, maximum velocity.