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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Rehabil Psychol. 2019 Jul 18;64(4):453–462. doi: 10.1037/rep0000285

Table 4.

Item Prevalence and Decision Tree Results

# Times in Branch 1 or 2
of 100 Decision Trees
Item Prevalence Multisite Sample Chronic Illness Sample


*Fatigue 93.1 -- --


PEM *Minimum exercise makes you physically tired 86.4 83 5
*Next-day soreness/fatigue after everyday activities 85.1 6 85
Physically drained or sick after mild activity 83.0 16 29
Dead, heavy feeling after starting to exercise 78.1 1 12
Mentally tired after the slightest effort 76.4 2 69


Sleep *Unrefreshed after you wake up in the morning 90.7 100 97
Problems staying asleep 63.6 8 2
Problems falling asleep 59.8 0 75
Need to nap daily 57.9 85 6
Waking up early in the morning (e.g. 3am) 47.8 0 6
Sleeping all day and staying awake all night 11.6 0 14


Pain *Pain or aching in your muscles 73.9 90 35
Pain/stiffness/tenderness in >1 joint 62.7 13 6
Headaches 49.4 7 7
*Bloating 47.9 77 28
Abdomen/Stomach pain 37.4 3 76
Eye pain 28.6 4 19
Chest pain 18.0 0 27


Neurocognitive * Difficulty paying attention for a long period of time 80.1 82 54
* Problems remembering things 76.3 42 3
Only able to focus on one thing at a time 71.3 14 29
Difficulty expressing thoughts 70.8 5 0
Muscle weakness 67.1 12 0
Absent-mindedness or forgetfulness 66.7 5 3
Sensitivity to noise 65.2 1 38
Slowness of thought 64.2 2 2
Sensitivity to bright lights 57.1 0 53
Difficulty understanding things 48.6 0 0
Unable to focus vision and or/attention 47.7 0 0
Muscle twitches 25.1 0 18
Loss of depth perception 19.7 0 0


Autonomic *Irritable bowel problems 47.7 72 51
*Feeling unsteady on your feet, like you might fall 35.9 45 3
Shortness of breath or trouble catching your breath 35.4 24 60
Dizziness or fainting 33.3 23 12
Bladder problems 30.6 18 5
Nausea 25.0 1 31
Irregular heart beats 23.4 0 38


Neuroendocrine *Cold limbs 57.3 86 1
*Feeling hot or cold for no reason 54.7 78 6
Losing or gaining weight without trying 37.2 11 1
Chills or shivers 35.7 4 19
Night sweats 32.6 6 0
Alcohol intolerance 30.6 10 90
Feeling like you have a high temperature 29.9 1 1
Feeling like you have a low temperature 25.5 0 81
No appetite 18.1 0 0
Sweating hands 10.5 0 0


Immune *Flu-like symptoms 54.3 98 100
*Some smells/foods/meds/chemicals make you feel sick 42.4 35 78
Tender/Sore lymph nodes 32.5 3 11
Sore throat 30.4 4 9
Fever 19.7 0 2