Table 1.
Participant Characteristics by Trial Arm
| Characteristics | Control arm n=200 n (%) | Health warning arm n=200 n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||
| 18–29 | 125 (63) | 132 (66) |
| 30–39 | 47 (24) | 41 (21) |
| 40–54 | 22 (11) | 19 (10) |
| ≥55 | 6 (3) | 8 (4) |
| Mean (SD) | 29.0 (10.3) | 29.0 (10.5) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 83 (42) | 76 (38) |
| Female | 115 (58) | 121 (61) |
| Transgender or other | 2 (1) | 3 (2) |
| Gay, lesbian, or bisexual | 21 (11) | 20 (10) |
| Hispanic | 25 (13) | 9 (5) |
| Race | ||
| White | 87 (44) | 93 (47) |
| Black or African American | 46 (23) | 43 (22) |
| Asian | 47 (24) | 51 (26) |
| Other/multiraciala | 17 (9) | 12 (6) |
| Low education (some college or less)b | 47 (24) | 47 (24) |
| Limited health literacyc | 40 (20) | 34 (17) |
| Household income, annual | ||
| $0–$24,999 | 47 (24) | 49 (25) |
| $25,000–$49,999 | 61 (31) | 54 (27) |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 22 (11) | 34 (17) |
| ≥$75,000 | 69 (35) | 63 (32) |
| Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption | ||
| Low (≤60 oz/weekd) | 103 (52) | 100 (50) |
| High (>60 oz/weekd) | 97 (49) | 100 (50) |
| Overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) | 93 (47) | 72 (36) |
Note: Missing demographic data ranged from 0% to 1%. In the 11 balance tests conducted, two statistically significant differences between the health warning and control arm were observed: proportion Hispanic (p=0.004) and proportion overweight (p=0.03).
a
Includes participants who marked “other race,” American Indian/Native American, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, or who marked multiple races.
b
Educational attainment for participants ≤25 years (who may still be completing degrees) was assessed using mother’s or father’s educational attainment, whichever was higher.
c
“Possibility” or “high likelihood” of limited health literacy based on score on the Newest Vital Sign questionnaire.50
d
Sample median.