Downregulation of p62/SQSTM1 and OPTN during HSV-1 infection. (A) HEL or HEp-2 cells were infected with HSV-1(F) (1 PFU/cell), and whole-cell lysates were collected at 3, 6, and 9 h postinfection. Equal amounts of protein were analyzed by immunoblot analysis using an anti-p62 antibody. β-Actin served as a loading control, and ICP0 served as a positive control for infection. Values at the left are molecular masses (in kilodaltons). (B) HMC3 cells were infected with HSV-1(F) (3 PFU/cell) for 24 h, and p62 protein was detected in equal amounts of cell lysates as described for panel A. (C) THP-1 cells were infected with HSV-1(F) (3 PFU/cell), the cells were harvested at 3, 9, and 24 h after infection, and p62 protein was monitored in equal amounts of cell lysates as described for panel A. (D) HEL cells were infected with HSV-1(F) (3 PFU/cell), and whole-cell lysates were collected at 3, 9, and 24 h postinfection and analyzed by immunoblot analysis, using an anti-OPTN antibody and an anti-ICP0 antibody. β-Actin served as a loading control. All experiments were repeated at least two independent times, and representative Western blots are presented.