FIG 5.

CPMV or eCPMV administration induces cytokine secretion in the tumor microenvironment. (A) Peritoneal cavity wash cells were collected from tumor-bearing mice on day 35 after tumor inoculation. The cells were incubated with CPMV, eCPMV/p, or eCPMV/i (or PBS as a control) for 24 h before measurement of the levels of cytokines in the culture medium. (B) CPMV and eCPMV/p were i.p. injected into the peritoneal cavity of tumor-bearing mice on day 35 after tumor inoculation. After 24 h, the cytokine levels in the peritoneal cavity wash were analyzed by an ELISA. Data are means ± SEM (n = 3). Statistical significance was calculated by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.0005; ****, P < 0.0001.