Cueto‐Manzano 2000.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Duration of study: May to December 1996 Duration of follow‐up: 12 months
Participants	Country: UK Setting: single centre Inclusion criteria: 1st kidney transplant > 2 years previously, stable graft function Number: treatment group (16); control group (14) Mean age ± SD (years): treatment group (51.7 ± 11.9); control group (44.3 ± 9.4) Sex (M/F): treatment group (11/5); control group (5/9) Postmenopausal: treatment group (4; 25%); control group (4; 29%) Exclusion criteria: previous vertebral or hip fracture; prolonged immobilisation; systemic illness or malignancy; intake of oestrogens or drugs affecting bone metabolism
Interventions	Treatment group Calcium carbonate: 500 mg for 12 months 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (oral): 0.25 µg for 12 months Control group No treatment
Outcomes	Serum calcium, phosphate, SCr Bone histomorphometry measured and calculated according to the American Society of Bone and Mineral Research
Notes	Funding source: not reported Trial registration: not applicable as published before the end of 2015
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open‐label study
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	15/45 patients were not included in full study follow up
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Patient‐level outcomes were not systematically captured
Other bias	Low risk	Study appears free of other biases