Lan 2008.

Methods	Study design: no treatment‐controlled, open‐label RCT Duration of study: 2003 to 2007 Duration of follow‐up: 6 months
Participants	Country: China Setting: single centre Inclusion criteria: kidney transplant recipient with stable kidney function, SCr < 221 µmol/L, >1 year after transplant, T‐score < ‐1 Number: treatment group (23); control group (23) Mean age ± SD (years): treatment group (39.4 ± 17.3); control group (40.2 ± 18.5) Sex (M/F): treatment group (10/13); control group (9/14) Exclusion criteria: DM; liver disease; chronic GI disease; intake of vitamin D or analogues during the post‐transplant period
Interventions	Treatment group Alendronate (oral): 70 mg/week Control group No treatment Co‐interventions Calcium carbonate (oral) 800 mg/d Calcitriol (oral): 0.25 µg/d
Outcomes	Change in BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck Serum calcium, phosphate Biomarkers of bone turnover
Notes	Funding source: not reported Trial registration: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not reported. Unlikely to be blinded due to differences in medication regimens
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Patient important outcomes not reported systematically
Other bias	Low risk	No additional threats to validity identified