Trabulus 2008.

Methods	Study design: open‐label, active‐comparator, parallel RCT Duration of study: January 2002 to June 2002 Duration of follow‐up: 12 months
Participants	Country: Turkey Setting: single centre Inclusion criteria: kidney transplant recipients with stable kidney function (SCr < 124 µmol/L) Number: treatment group 1 (21); treatment group 2 (12); treatment group 3 (17) Mean age ± SD (years): treatment group 1 (33.9 ± 10.3); treatment group 2 (32.5 ± 13.4); treatment group 3 (35.2 ± 7.7) Sex (M/F): treatment group 1 (13/8); treatment group 2 (6/6); treatment group 3 (131/4) Exclusion criteria: postmenopausal women; treatment with oestrogen, secondary osteoporosis due to type I or II DM, hyperthyroidism, primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism; hypogonadism; hyperprolactinaemia; Cushing’s syndrome; acromegaly; chronic diarrhoea or malabsorption syndromes; history of GI illness (oesophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, or severe dyspepsia)
Interventions	Treatment group 1 Alfacalcidol (oral): 0.5 µg/d Treatment group 2 Alendronate (oral): 10 mg/d Treatment group 3 Alendronate (oral): 10 mg/d Alfacalcidol (oral): 0.5 µg/d Co‐interventions Calcium (oral): 1000 mg/d
Outcomes	Change in BMD at lumbar spine Change in serum calcium, phosphate, iPTH, urine calcium Biomarkers of bone turnover**
Notes	Funding source: not reported Trial registration: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unblinded allocation to different medication strategies
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	14/64 patients did not complete treatment for reasons that related to medication adverse effects
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Patient‐centred outcomes not captured or reported systematically
Other bias	High risk	Imbalanced duration of kidney disease among treatment groups at baseline