Table 1.
Detailed cytogenetic data available for species of the Pipidae family. NOR: Nucleolar Organizer Region; M= metacentric; SM= submetacentric; ST=subtelocentric; T=telocentric; p= short arm; q=long arm; (–) no data.
| Species | Ploidy level | Karyotype formula | NOR site | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xenopus tropicalis group | ||||
| X. tropicalis | 2n = 20 | 2 M + 14 SM + 4 A | 5q | Tymowska and Fischberg 1973; Uehara et al. 2002 |
| X. epitropicalis | 4n = 40 | 4M + 28 SM+ 8 A | 5q | Tymowska and Fischberg 1982; Tymowska 1991 |
| X. new tetraploid 1 | 4n = 40 | 4M + 28 SM+ 8 A | 5q | Tymowska 1991; Evans et al. 2004 |
| X. new tetraploid 2 | 4n = 40 | 4M + 28 SM+ 8 A | 5q | Evans et al. 2004 |
| Xenopus laevis group | ||||
| X. borealis | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | 4p | Tymowska and Fischberg 1973; Tymowska 1991 |
| X. clivii | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | 4p | Tymowska and Fischberg 1973; Tymowska 1991 |
| X. fraseri | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | 6q | Tymowska and Fischberg 1973; Tymowska 1991 |
| X. gilli | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | 12p | Tymowska and Fischberg 1973; Tymowska 1991 |
| X. laevis laevis | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | 12p | Tymowska 1991 |
| X. laevis bunyoniensis | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | – | Tymowska 1991 |
| X. laevis petersi | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | – | Tymowska and Fischberg 1973; Tymowska 1991 |
| X. laevis poweri | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | – | Tymowska 1991 |
| X. laevis sudanensis | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | – | Tymowska 1991 |
| X. laevis victorianus | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | – | Tymowska and Fischberg 1973; Tymowska 1991 |
| X. largeni | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | – | Tymowska 1991 |
| X. muelleri | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | 4p | Tymowska and Fischberg 1973; Tymowska 1991 |
| X. pygmaeus | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | 6q | Loumont 1986 |
| X. sp. nov. VI | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | 4p | Tymowska 1991 |
| X. sp. nov. IX | 4n = 36 | 6 M+ 14 SM+ 2 ST + 14 T | 12p | Tymowska 1991 |
| X. amieti | 8n = 72 | 12 M + 28 SM + 4 ST + 28 T | 5q | Kobel et al. 1980 |
| X. andrei | 8n = 72 | 12 M + 28 SM + 4 ST + 28 T | 18q | Loumont 1983 |
| X. boumbaensis | 8n = 72 | 12 M + 28 SM + 4 ST + 28 T | 6p+ 4p | Loumont 1983 |
| X. itombwensis | 8n = 72 | 12 M + 28 SM + 4 ST + 28 T | – | Evans et al. 2008 |
| X. lenduensis | 8n = 72 | 12 M + 28 SM + 4 ST + 28 T | – | Evans et al. 2011 |
| X. vestitus | 8n = 72 | 12 M + 28 SM + 4 ST + 28 T | 12p | Tymowska 1991 |
| X. wittei | 8n = 72 | 12 M + 28 SM + 4 ST + 28 T | 12p | Tymowska 1991 |
| X. sp. nov. X | 8n = 72 | 12 M + 28 SM + 4 ST + 28 T | 18q | Tymowska 1991 |
| X. longipes | 12n = 108 | 18 M + 42 SM + 6 ST + 42 T | 7p | Loumont and Kobel 1991 |
| X. ruwenzoriensis | 12n = 108 | 18 M + 42 SM + 6 ST + 42 T | 11q | Tymowska and Fischberg 1973; Tymowska 1991 |
| X. cf. boumbaensis | 12n = 108 | 18 M + 42 SM + 6 ST + 42 T | 7p | Evans 2007 |
| X. sp. nov. VIIIa | 12n = 108 | 18 M + 42 SM + 6 ST + 42 T | 7p | Tymowska 1991 |
| Genus Pseudhymenochirus | ||||
| P. merlini | 2n = 20 | 8 M + 4 SM + 6 ST + 2 T | 10q | Mezzasalma et al. 2015 |
| Genus Hymenochirus | ||||
| H. boettgeri | 2n = 20 | 14 M + 2 SM + 4 ST | 4p | Mezzasalma et al. 2015 |
| Genus Pipa | ||||
| P. carvalhoi | 2n = 20 | 6 M+ 4 SM+6 ST + 4 T | 9q | Present study |
| 8 M + 8 SM + 4 T† | Mezzasalma et al. 2015 | |||
| P. pipa | 2n = 22 | 8 M + 14 A | – | Wickbom 1950 |
| 6M + 2ST + 14A | Morescalchi et al. 1970 | |||
| P. parva | 2n = 30 | 30 T | – | Morescalchi 1981 |
†Chromosomal formula shown by Mezzasalma et al. 2015 was based in Pfeuffer-Friederich 1980 and Sachsse 1980.