Table 2.
Targeted and embedded involvement
| Author, Year, Country | Involvement approach | Contextual drivers for research | Contribution of involvement | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Priority setting | Study design | Study information & recruitment | Educational materials | Data collection analysis | Dissemination | |||
| Brown, 2006, UK | Focus groups | NHS policy to involve consumers, but there is a lack of research on involving people from deprived areas and minority ethnic groups | Y | U | N | NA | Y | NA |
| Gadsby, 2012, UK |
Partnership Voting |
Interests of clinicians, patients and carers may be overlooked when priorities are set by funding bodies and academics | Y | U | U | NA | U | U |
| Lee, 2007, Australia |
Focus groups Partnership |
Need to tailor consumer medicine Information via consumer involvement | U | U | U | Y | U | U |
| Paul, 2007; Smith, 2011, UK |
Researcher controlled trial Semi‐structured interviews |
Peer support may be a more effective approach to involving patients in self‐managing diabetes than didactic support | N | Y | N | N | N | N |
| Simmons, 2013; 2015, UK |
Researcher controlled trial Semi‐structured interviews Observation |
Although peer support can be effective in diabetes, little is known about differences in effectiveness between individual and group peer support | N | Y | N | N | N | N |
| Noyes, 2010; 2014, UK | Interviews, focus groups | Lack of child‐centred research has hampered development of effective interventions | U | Y | N | Y | N | U |
| Evans, 2007, UK |
Tailoring educational toolkit Action research |
Uncertainty regarding management of pre‐diabetes in primary care | U | U | U | Y | Y | U |
| Lindenmyer, 2007, UK |
Research user group Qualitative case study |
Need to ascertain what makes user involvement successful in a research user group that has been established for 6 y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | U |
| Mudd‐Martin, 2013, US |
Partnership CBPR |
Need to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes among genetically susceptible | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Schoen 2010, Australia |
Community reference group Focus groups |
No freely available diabetes foot care information for Aboriginal population | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Thompson, 2000, Australia |
Community‐based ethnography Survey pilot |
Knowledge of cultural risk factors is not integrated into epidemiological risk factor surveys | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Watson, 2001, Australia |
Partnership CBPR |
Culturally appropriate tools for diabetic foot care needed | Y | U | U | Y | U | Y |
Abbreviations: N, Did not contribute; NA, Not Applicable; U, Unknown; Y, Contributed.