Table 2.
A list of selected cytokines and immune cells showing their levels as reported in studies from Africa comparing malaria clinical outcome.
| Levels | Study site | Clinical comparison | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-10 | High | Uganda | Asymptomatic/symptomatic | (9) |
| High | Ghana | Asymptomatic/uninfected | (75) | |
| High | Mali | Asymptomatic/febrile | (18) | |
| High | Gabon | Asymptomatic/mild | (90) | |
| IFN-γ | Low | Uganda | Asymptomatic/febrile | (9) |
| High | Gabon | Asymptomatic/mild | (90) | |
| TNFα | Low | Uganda | Asymptomatic/febrile | (16) |
| Low | Uganda | Asymptomatic/symptomatic | (9) | |
| Tregs | Low | Uganda | Asymptomatic/febrile | (77) |
| Low | Ghana | Asymptomatic/symptomatic | (78) | |
| Vδ2+ γδ T cells | Low | Uganda | Asymptomatic/febrile | (16) |
| Natural killer cells | Low | Kenya | Asymptomatic/uninfected | (26) |