Table 1.
Summary statistics of background characteristics
| Number | Percentage | |
|---|---|---|
| Or mean (SD) | ||
| Region | ||
| Tokyo | 219 | 33.5 |
| Osaka | 219 | 33.5 |
| Fukuoka | 216 | 33.0 |
| Age | ||
| 8 | 85 | 13.0 |
| 9 | 84 | 12.8 |
| 10 | 83 | 12.6 |
| 11 | 80 | 12.2 |
| 12 | 78 | 11.9 |
| 13 | 83 | 12.7 |
| 14 | 83 | 12.7 |
| 15 | 78 | 11.9 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 327 | 50.0 |
| Female | 327 | 50.0 |
| Household income | ||
| < JPY 5 millions | 179 | 27.4 |
| 5 mil to < 10 millions | 435 | 66.5 |
| ≥ 10 millions | 40 | 6.1 |
| Number of family members | 3.3 (1.0) | |
| Number of siblings | 1.2 (0.78) | |
| Accompanying parents | ||
| Father | 29 | 4.4 |
| Mother | 625 | 95.6 |
| Number of parents | ||
| 1 | 65 | 9.9 |
| 2 | 589 | 90.1 |
| School | ||
| Elementary school | 400 | 61.3 |
| Junior high school | 253 | 38.7 |
| VAS score (self-report) | 82.0 (17.1) | |
| VAS score (proxy-report) | 88.3 (10.3) | |
| PedsQL total score (self-report) | 89.5 (11.0) | |