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. 2019 Oct 21;10:4787. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12603-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Terrestrial protected areas of the Earth’s biomes. a The climate change analyses involve 137,432 terrestrial PAs that cover 20,658,583 km², which is about 14% of the global land area (including Antarctica) and 99.9% of the global PA area. The colored dots represent the centroids of these PAs. The color indicates the biome of the PA. The map was created using open-source software R⁵². b The majority of PAs are located between 40° and 50° north. Their area ranges between 0.1 and 10 km²