Fig. 6.

Correlation between the mean values of the local-scale novel climate index and protected area characteristics, separated by biome and RCP scenario. a RCP 4.5 and b RCP 8.5. Bars show Pearson’s correlation coefficients r. Asterisks represent the significance level considering a modified t-test accounting for spatial autocorrelation¹⁹ (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001), while “ns” implies non-significant (p > 0.05) correlation. Note that “TR” stands for terrain ruggedness, “HFP” for human footprint index and “Irreplace.” for irreplaceability. Data on climate change metrics and other characteristics per PA are given as Supplementary Data 1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file