Fig. 5.

Biological logical gates NOT, AND, and OR. a An engineered LacI suppressor (antilac) represents a unary NOT gate, the output is OFF when IPTG is present. Y-axis is given as normalized output units or N.O.U. This is calculated by taking GFP fluorescence (485ex., 510em.) normalized to OD₆₀₀, which is further normalized to the maximum output for each experiment. Each value corresponds to the mean of n = 6 biological replicates and error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval (95% CI), or approximately two times the standard error of the mean (s.e.m.). b A biological AND gate achieved via the SERI architecture utilizing two X⁺_ADR with orthogonal DNA recognition and ligand response. Values correspond to n = 18 biological replicates. c Biological OR function achieved through PARA architecture where each copy of GFP is controlled by a distinct X⁺_ADR. Values correspond to n = 12 biological replicates. d Another iteration of a biological AND gate utilizing distinct input signals, via two non-natural transcription factors. Values correspond to n = 18 biological replicates. e Transcription factor operator pairs utilized in logic gates (a–d), along with their performance characteristics. For performance cards, values represent the mean of n = 12 biological replicates. Data in the cards have been normalized relative to the maximum value of 20,000 GFP/OD₆₀₀ a.u. Note: the I^A suppressor used in the representative NOT gate is I^A(5)_YQR, created in our previous report (Rondon and Wilson)⁵³. Source data are provided as a Source Data file, and individual data points overlaid as dot plots can be found in Supplementary Fig. 7