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. 2019 Oct 21;9:15074. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51602-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bars of the mean coefficients of the optimal correlations (R_mean) for characterizing the (A) green-up and (B) brown-up EPDs’ response and (C) green-up and (D) brown-up EPDs’ feedbacks to the onset and end SPDs in the within-the-same-OB-year and within-the-same-GE-year manner (D_O and D_E) or in the one-OB-year-delayed and one-GE-year-delayed manner (D_O-D and D_E-D, respectively), all calculated at the significance level of p < 0.1 (indicated by *), in terms of the NH (H), NA (A), and NE (E) as listed in the labels of the X axis.