Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of the stratified subgroups by metabolic syndrome score.
| Met − S score = 0 | Met − S score = 1 | Met − S score = 2 | Met − S score = 3 | Met − S score = 4 | Met − S score = 5 | p value | p trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size, n | 21 | 19 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 16 | ||
| Age (year) | 49.67 ± 4.85 | 50.21 ± 4.42 | 52.93 ± 5.87 | 50.88 ± 5.74 | 51.24 ± 6.08 | 53.19 ± 6.84 | 0.264 | 0.089 |
| Male, n (%) | 7 (33.33%) | 10 (52.63%) | 17 (62.96%) | 12 (46.15%) | 13 (52%) | 10 (62.5%) | 0.383 | 0.214 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 1 (4.76%) | 1 (5.26%) | 3 (11.11%) | 3 (11.54%) | 4 (16%) | 5 (31.25%) | 0.189 | 0.015 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 3 (14.29%) | 3 (15.79%) | 8 (29.63%) | 7 (26.92%) | 6 (24%) | 4 (25%) | 0.792 | 0.344 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.13 ± 2.78 | 23.61 ± 1.96 | 24.84 ± 3.01 | 25.85 ± 2.7 | 27.55 ± 3.32 | 29.44 ± 3.74 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Waist (cm) | 74.6 ± 6.28 | 78.66 ± 6.02 | 85.39 ± 8.57 | 84.48 ± 6.57 | 92.21 ± 8.77 | 97.88 ± 9.33 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 107.52 ± 8.9 | 122.74 ± 13.08 | 125.93 ± 15.35 | 130.73 ± 17.36 | 139.04 ± 12.24 | 145.88 ± 16.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.14 ± 6.36 | 78.26 ± 7.85 | 79.67 ± 8.06 | 84.92 ± 13.41 | 88.16 ± 8.54 | 88.5 ± 7.92 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 5.5 ± 1.4 | 6.05 ± 1.44 | 6.04 ± 1.07 | 6.46 ± 1.53 | 6.78 ± 0.7 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| MDA (μm/ml) | 6.96 ± 1.17 | 6.98 ± 1.3 | 7.62 ± 2.11 | 8.54 ± 2.05 | 9.09 ± 1.9 | 13.02 ± 3.78 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| SOD (U/ml) | 4.06 ± 0.37 | 3.88 ± 0.31 | 3.59 ± 0.36 | 3.26 ± 0.34 | 2.58 ± 0.32 | 2.42 ± 0.36 | 0.0073 | <0.001 |
| 8-OHdG (ng/ml) | 36.97 ± 6.74 | 55.72 ± 8.36 | 70.04 ± 8.21 | 77.46 ± 9.62 | 81.38 ± 5.01 | 90.06 ± 6.76 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| γ-H2AX (pg/ml) | 29.97 ± 4.14 | 34.53 ± 5.09 | 36.74 ± 6.029 | 42.52 ± 5.23 | 53.23 ± 4.82 | 54.05 ± 4.02 | 0.0061 | <0.001 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dl) | 0.05 ± 0.06 | 0.06 ± 0.08 | 0.12 ± 0.13 | 0.22 ± 0.28 | 0.25 ± 0.32 | 0.49 ± 0.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl) | 87.1 ± 5.86 | 93.74 ± 4.39 | 93.48 ± 8.53 | 104.15 ± 31.94 | 111.56 ± 19.93 | 160.94 ± 57.86 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.19 ± 0.21 | 5.37 ± 0.4 | 5.48 ± 0.53 | 5.81 ± 1.02 | 6.12 ± 1.04 | 8.14 ± 2.33 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 190.48 ± 31.01 | 212.74 ± 32.37 | 205.11 ± 49.95 | 205.46 ± 35.44 | 207.44 ± 38.24 | 229 ± 68.79 | 0.189 | 0.035 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 56.86 ± 8.74 | 54.68 ± 14.11 | 48.22 ± 10.82 | 45.54 ± 8.31 | 39.52 ± 7.95 | 38 ± 8.07 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 70.05 ± 21.8 | 95.95 ± 44.18 | 126.37 ± 63.75 | 151.81 ± 63.98 | 215.96 ± 94.92 | 233.44 ± 109.11 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 114.99 ± 26.63 | 134.63 ± 27.91 | 127.12 ± 34.36 | 129.35 ± 30.38 | 125.07 ± 45.09 | 138.81 ± 35.91 | 0.356 | 0.160 |
| Tchol_HDLratio | 3.39 ± 0.58 | 4.06 ± 0.93 | 4.32 ± 0.9 | 4.63 ± 1.07 | 8.94 ± 17.52 | 6.36 ± 2.81 | 0.148 | 0.045 |
| WBC (mm3) | 4.74 ± 1.22 | 4.83 ± 1.42 | 5.49 ± 1.32 | 5.7 ± 1.51 | 6.81 ± 1.33 | 7.53 ± 2.56 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 25.86 ± 9.32 | 23.47 ± 4.94 | 27.67 ± 7.68 | 26.23 ± 7.91 | 36.36 ± 19.41 | 34.88 ± 15.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 21.05 ± 8.84 | 23.84 ± 7.75 | 31.26 ± 17.01 | 29.73 ± 15.53 | 47.36 ± 28.42 | 41.19 ± 18.04 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.71 ± 0.17 | 0.76 ± 0.17 | 0.81 ± 0.16 | 0.72 ± 0.2 | 0.78 ± 0.16 | 0.8 ± 0.18 | 0.251 | 0.246 |
| Renal GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 100.07 ± 22.36 | 99.15 ± 19.18 | 95.83 ± 15.75 | 106.86 ± 29.99 | 93.77 ± 16.03 | 97.59 ± 27.49 | 0.384 | 0.681 |
| avgIMT (mm) | 0.62 ± 0.09 | 0.64 ± 0.07 | 0.70 ± 0.12 | 0.74 ± 0.14 | 0.74 ± 0.12 | 0.78 ± 0.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%) for categorical data. Differences in mean values of variables between the four Met-S-stratified subgroups were tested by one-way ANOVA test. p for trend was calculated by the Jonckheere-Terpstra Test to test for an ordered alternative hypothesis within six subgroups. Met-S: metabolic syndrome; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; WBC: white blood cell; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MDA: malondialdehyde; avgIMT: average of intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries; SOD: superoxide dismutase; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine.