Table 1.

Participant characteristics.

	Land‐based athletes	Swimmers
Sample size	10 (6 female)	8 (3 female)
Age (y)	22 ± 5	19 ± 1
Height (cm)	175 ± 6	179 ± 10
Mass (kg)	68 ± 5	76 ± 10
$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\text{max}}$ (mL/min/kg)	54 ± 6	56 ± 10
Swimming 50% HRR (bpm)	130 ± 8	132 ± 9
ICA diameter (cm)	4.9 ± 0.5	4.9 ± 0.6
ICA velocity (cm/s)	39.8 ± 8.7	39.6 ± 10.0

Mean ± SD; Between group differences all P ≥ 0.09; $\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\text{max}}$, maximal rate of oxygen consumed; HRR, heart rate range; ICA, internal carotid artery (N = 8 [3 male] and 5 [3 male] for land‐based athletes and swimmers, respectively).