Table 2.

Summary of studies on L-carnitine-containing solution in end-stage renal disease patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Study	Study Design	Patient Population	L-Carnitine Treatment	Duration of Treatment	Results
Bazzato et al. [56]	Open-label, no control group	6 CAPD	2 g/day in the PD solution for nocturnal exchange	2 months	Improved lipid pattern in 6 patients
Kopple and Qing [57]	Open-label, no control group	5 CAPD	20 mg/kg/day, in the first daily PD solution	14 days	Improved nitrogen balance
Bonomini et al. [54]	Open-label, no control group	4 CAPD	5 g in the PD solution for nocturnal exchange	5 days	Increased net peritoneal nocturnal ultrafiltration
Bonomini et al. [43]	Randomized, single-blind, control group	27 CAPD (standard solution, n = 12; experimental solution, n = 15)	2 g in the PD solution for diurnal exchanges	4 months	Increased insulin sensitivity, maintenance of urine output
Di Liberato et al. [17]	Open-label, no control group	5 APD	5 g in the first solution bag of night exchanges	5 days	Stable laboratory, metabolic and dialytic parameters