Figure 3.

A basic differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) workflow for isolation of MVs and exosomes. Biofluids are diluted by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) before centrifugation. Dead cells and cell debris are removed as pellets during the centrifugation at 1000–3000× g. Further centrifugation of supernatant at 10,000–20,000× g facilitates the isolation of MVs from exosomes. Finally, the recovery of exosomes is achieved by ultracentrifuging the 10,000–20,000× g-derived supernatant at 100,000–200,000× g.