Table 2.
Experimental setting and results of laser surface hardening by Nd:YAG laser.
| No. | Input Variables | Output Responses | Surface Melting | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Focal Plane Position (mm) | Pulse Width (ms) | Laser Power (W) | Scanning Speed (mm/s) | Depth of Hardness (µm) | Width of Hardness (µm) | Angle of Entry (°) | Maximum Hardness (hv) | Ferrite Percent (%) | MHD in Depth | MHD in Width | ||
| 1 | 11 | 15 | 130 | 1 | 71 | 1821 | 4.37 | 397 | 14.05 | 1592 | 21,474 | - |
| 2 | 8 | 15 | 130 | 1 | 1291 | 1774 | 53.3 | 698 | 0.25 | 19501 | 19,768 | yes |
| 3 | 9 | 15 | 130 | 1 | 360 | 1805 | 21.67 | 690 | 0.32 | 17,040 | 21,115 | yes |
| 4 | 9 | 17 | 135 | 1 | 271 | 1768 | 17.07 | 681 | 0.4 | 9242 | 7848 | yes |
| 5 | 11 | 17 | 135 | 1 | 100 | 1837 | 6.14 | 548 | 1.07 | 1932 | 22,042 | - |
| 6 | 11 | 20 | 155 | 1 | 141 | 1862 | 8.63 | 566 | 0.92 | 4730 | 26,435 | - |
| 7 | 11 | 17 | 135 | 0.5 | 143 | 1897 | 8.35 | 585 | 0.81 | 5520 | 34,454 | - |
| 8 | 11 | 20 | 155 | 0.5 | 157 | 1915 | 9.1 | 665 | 0.47 | 7300 | 37,136 | - |
| 9 | 11 | 20 | 155 | 0.2 | 193 | 2284 | 9.63 | 673 | 0.43 | 8563 | 43,202 | - |
| 10 | 11 | 18 | 140 | 0.5 | 146 | 1936 | 8.41 | 599 | 0.76 | 6430 | 39,079 | - |