Table 3.
Summary of studies assessing the impact of red wine consumption on glucose metabolism. HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, T2D: type-2 diabetes, GL: glycemic load.
| Study Model | Outcome (s) | Study Characteristics | Main Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Glucose metabolism | Light–moderate alcohol consumption (red wine, dealcoholized red wine, and gin) | Dealcoholized red wine decreased plasma insulin and HOMA-IR values | [115] |
| Drinkers vs. abstainers | Glucose level and diabetes | Benefits of moderate consumption of red win | Drinkers showed a lower incidence of diabetes and lower glucose levels compared to abstainers | [110] |
| T2D | Glucose metabolism | Effect of resveratrol on glucose metabolism | Resveratrol improved insulin resistance and increased AKT phosphorylation | [117] |
| Meta-analysis | T2D incidence | Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on the incidence of T2D | Light–moderate alcohol consumption decreased the incidence of T2D | [119] |
| Cohort study | GL and incidence of T2D | Impact of alcohol consumption and positive association between GL and T2D | High alcohol intake (≥15 g/day) attenuates the effect of GL on T2D incidence | [120] |
| Obese and diabetic mice | Glucose metabolism | Impact of intracerebroventricular infusion of resveratrol on glucose metabolism | Normalized hyperglycemia and improved hyperinsulinemia mediated by activating SIRT 1 expressed in the brain | [121] |