Table 4.

Summary of studies assessing the impact of red wine consumption on oxidative stress. LDL: low-density lipoprotein.

Study Model	Outcome(s)	Study Characteristics	Main Findings	References
Men	Lag phase time of LDL particles	Benefits of moderate consumption of red wine, dealcoholized red wine, and gin.	Red wine consumption showed increased lag phase time of LDL oxidation up to 11.0 min	[125]
High cardiovascular risk	Plasma nitric oxide, systolic and diastolic pressure	Effects of alcoholic and dealcoholized red wine and gin on plasma NO and blood pressure	Dealcoholized red wine reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increase plasma NO concentration	[126]
Overweight or obese subjects	Concentrations of oxidized LDL	Changes in markers of oxidative stress following 150 mg/day of quercetin supplementation	Quercetin significantly decreased plasma concentrations of oxidized LDL	[127]
Men	Circulating microparticles	Benefits of moderate consumption of red win, dealcoholized red wine and gin during a high-fat meal	Red wine consumption decreased circulating microparticles	[128]