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. 2019 Sep 17;4(1):e000321. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2019-000321

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Effect of each HDACI treatment on HS-induced TNF-α levels in the (A) intestine and (B) serum. HS resulted in a significant increase in the levels of TNF-α in both the intestine and serum as compared with sham. In the intestine, treatment with each of MC (p<0.0001), ACY (p<0.0001), MC+ACY (p<0.0001), and VPA (p<0.01) significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α compared with the vehicle. Expression of TNF-α in the intestine was significantly lower in the animals treated with MC and ACY as compared with VPA (p<0.001). In the serum, treatment with MC (p<0.0001), ACY (p<0.0001), and MC+ACY (p<0.001) significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α compared with the vehicle. The expression of TNF-α in the serum was significantly lower in the MC and ACY groups as compared with the VPA group (p<0.01). ACY, ACY1083; HDACI, histone deacetylase inhibitor; HS, hemorrhagic shock; MC, MC1568; NS, normal saline vehicle; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VPA, valproic acid; * denotes significance between groups (p<0.05).