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Autophagy contributes to the neuroprotective effects of SA in PC12 cells. PC12 cells were treated with SA (10 μM) and 0.1 μM rapamycin or 3 mM 3-MA and then exposed to OGD/R. The expression of Beclin 1 (A) and LC3 (B) was detected by Western blot (n = 3). (C,D) Apoptotic cell death was detected by TUNEL staining (n = 6). Scale bar: 20 μm. (E) Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay (n = 6). All data are mean ± SD. # P < 0.05 and ## P < 0.01.
