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. 2019 Sep 28;24(19):3521. doi: 10.3390/molecules24193521

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) A circular core (blue)–shell (grey) hydrogel, before and after exposure to a swelling solution, showing the anisotropy in the buckling formation. (B) Surface-attached hydrogel showing the wavelength, $λ$ , and layer thickness (H).