Table 2. Primary and secondary outcome measures at participants’ final follow-up.
| IG | CG | IG | CG | |||||||
| n | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | b | [95% CI] | p | AAP | AAP | SMD | ICC | |
| Quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30)*1 | ||||||||||
| Role functioning | 378 | 60.83 (28.89) | 57.64 (29.05) | 3.69 | [−2.00; 9.39] | 0.204 | 61.11 | 57.42 | 0.13 | 0.01 |
| General health | 375 | 59.36 (22.09) | 57.82 (22.96) | 1.44 | [−3.18; 6.06] | 0.540 | 59.59 | 58.15 | 0.06 | 0.09 |
| Physical functioning | 379 | 76.00 (19.52) | 72.82 (21.45) | 2.89 | [−0.40; 6.18] | 0.085 | 75.86 | 72.97 | 0.14 | 0.00 |
| Emotional functioning | 377 | 55.23 (24.93) | 55.69 (25.03) | 0.38 | [−4.12; 4.88] | 0.868 | 55.64 | 55.25 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
| Cognitive functioning | 377 | 64.64 (26.97) | 66.67 (25.77) | −0.44 | [−5.00; 4.12] | 0.851 | 65.40 | 65.84 | −0.02 | 0.00 |
| Social functioning | 377 | 63.20 (29.03) | 61.94 (30.32) | 1.39 | [−4.10; 6.89] | 0.619 | 63.26 | 61.87 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
| Pain | 378 | 34.86 (29.46) | 37.11 (31.32) | −3.84 | [−9.60; 1.92] | 0.191 | 33.97 | 37.81 | −0.13 | 0.05 |
| Fatigue | 377 | 49.69 (24.34) | 50.40 (25.70) | −1.42 | [−5.96; 3.13] | 0.541 | 49.35 | 50.77 | −0.06 | 0.00 |
| Fatigue (EORTC FA13)*1 | ||||||||||
| Physical fatigue | 378 | 49.11 (26.66) | 49.63 (25.44) | −1.80 | [−6.67; 3.06] | 0.467 | 48.49 | 50.30 | −0.07 | 0.00 |
| Emotional fatigue | 378 | 35.38 (25.92) | 34.88 (26.84) | 0.19 | [−.55; 4.93] | 0.937 | 35.23 | 35.04 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
| Cognitive fatigue | 378 | 22.87 (21.53) | 20.63 (21.34) | 1.89 | [−1.83; 5.60] | 0.320 | 22.70 | 20.81 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
| Problems affecting daily life | 375 | 44.33 (30.07) | 43.26 (30.61) | 0.82 | [−4.89; 6.53] | 0.778 | 44.21 | 43.39 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
| Social consequences of fatigue | 372 | 23.54 (30.37) | 26.22 (32.07) | 1.51 | [−3.99; 7.01] | 0.590 | 25.54 | 24.03 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
| Coping with illness (FKV)*2 | ||||||||||
| Active problem-oriented coping | 378 | 2.75 (0.89) | 2.85 (0.90) | −0.12 | [−0.29; 0.05] | 0.155 | 2.74 | 2.86 | −0.14 | 0.00 |
| Depressive coping | 378 | 2.02 (0.80) | 2.03 (0.84) | −0.01 | [−0.16; 0.14] | 0.869 | 2.02 | 2.03 | −0.02 | 0.00 |
| Distraction and self-encouragement | 378 | 3.07 (0.87) | 3.02 (0.86) | 0.02 | [−0.13; 0.18] | 0.764 | 3.05 | 3.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
| Work-related outcomes | ||||||||||
| Work Ability Score*3 | 372 | 5.59 (2.59) | 5.85 (2.62) | −0.26 | [−0.78; 0.26] | 0.323 | 5.60 | 5.86 | −0.10 | 0.05 |
| Disability days during past 3 months | 323 | 9.44 (20.43) | 10.26 (22.48) | −0.79 | [−5.96; 4.37] | 0.764 | 9.56 | 10.35 | −0.04 | 0.12 |
We used mixed-effects models to calculate test statistics, controlled for the values of the initial survey.
AAP, Average adjusted predictions; b, non-standardized regression coefficient; CG, control group; CI, confidence interval; EORTC, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer; FA, fatigue; FKV, Freiburg Questionnaire of Coping with Illness; ICC, intracluster correlation coefficient; IG, intervention group;
QLQ, Quality of Life Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation; SMD, standardized mean difference
*1 Maximum achievable score = 100; *2 maximum achievable score = 5; *3 maximum achievable score = 10