Figure 7.

Intestinal Oxalobacter formigenes levels after a single pulsed antibiotic treatment (PAT). The number of oxc copies was normalized to the total 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) copies in each sample. Left, O. formigenes levels in mice that were humanized and received O. formigenes (group 3; blue circles) or that received sham gavage (group 4; red circles), before antibiotic exposure. Right, O. formigenes levels after half of the humanized mice (light blue squares) and sham mice (red squares) received a 6-day tylosin course (PAT). There was no change in levels in the humanized mice not exposed to PAT, which remained significantly elevated in relation to sham. Humanized mice exposed to PAT had significantly lower O. formigenes levels than unexposed humanized mice (blue circles), near the background (sham) level.