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. 2019 Oct 17;20(11):1550–1565. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12865

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© 2019 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Negative regulation of flagellar assembly genes by (p)ppGpp. (A) Schematic diagram of bacterial flagellum. Gene expression changes in the ΔdksA and ΔspoTΔrelA strains compared to wild‐type Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc306) are indicated by different colours. OM, outer membrane; PL, peptidoglycan layer; CM, cytoplasmic membrane. (B) Motility test of bacteria on 0.25% nutrient agar plate. Plates were incubated for 48 h before photographing. The experiment was repeated independently three times with similar results.