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. 2019 Sep 10;9:100479. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100479

Table 2.

Persistent loneliness by socio-demographic variables at baseline, 2005 (%).

Loneliness
Not Persistent Persistent Significance
Gender
 Male 93.6 6.4 p < 0.01
 Female 90.7 9.3
Age Group
 65-74 94.0 6.0 p < 0.01
 75-84 92.1 7.9
 85+ 91.1 8.9
Ethnicity
 Han 91.9 8.1 p > 0.05
 Others 92.8 7.2
Residence
 Rural 91.2 8.8 p < 0.01
 City & Towns 93.0 7.0
Marital Status
 Not married 89.8 10.2 p < 0.01
 Married 96.4 3.6
Living Arrangement
 Household 93.9 6.1 p < 0.01
 Alone 81.0 19.0
 Institution 88.8 11.2
Education
 No schooling 90.7 9.3 p < 0.01
 >1 year 93.9 6.1
Self-rated Health
 Very good 96.4 3.6
 Good 95.4 4.6
 So 92.2 7.8 p < 0.01
 Bad 81.2 18.8
 Very bad 73.7 26.3