Table 1.
Baseline data from the postmatched population
| Control group | Affected group | Absolute standardized difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 170,328 | 170,328 | |
| Enrollee characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 76.0 (6.9) | 76.1 (6.9) | 1.7 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 99,604 (58.4) | 99,904 (58.7) | 0.4 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| White | 123,030 (72.2) | 122,557 (72.0) | 0.6 |
| Black | 37,714 (22.1) | 38,185 (22.4) | 0.7 |
| Hispanic | 6,643 (3.9) | 6,643 (3.9) | 0.0 |
| Asian | 2,093 (1.2) | 2,075 (1.2) | 0.1 |
| Other | 848 (0.5) | 868 (0.5) | |
| Medicaid premiums, months* | 2.5 (4.8) | 2.6 (4.9) | 2.4 |
| ESRD coverage, n (%) | 3,070 (1.8) | 3,176 (1.9) | 0.5 |
| Chronic condition, n (%) | |||
| Acute myocardial infarction | 8,950 (5.3) | 9,415 (5.5) | 1.2 |
| Alzheimer disease | 13,157 (7.7) | 14,033 (8.2) | 1.9 |
| Alzheimer disease and related disorders or senile dementia | 26,672 (15.7) | 28,395 (16.7) | 2.7 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 26,421 (15.5) | 27,191 (16.0) | 1.2 |
| Anemia | 86,023 (50.5) | 87,620 (51.4) | 1.9 |
| Asthma | 15,131 (8.9) | 15,663 (9.2) | 1.1 |
| Cancer, breast† | 7,410 (4.4) | 7,689 (4.5) | 0.8 |
| Cancer, colorectal | 5,153 (3.0) | 5,482 (3.2) | 1.1 |
| Cancer, prostate | 9,245 (5.4) | 9,354 (5.5) | 0.3 |
| Cancer, lung | 1,668 (1.0) | 1,808 (1.1) | 0.8 |
| Cancer, endometrial | 887 (0.5) | 916 (0.5) | 0.2 |
| Cataract | 104,990 (61.6) | 104,651 (61.4) | 0.4 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 32,327 (19.0) | 33,512 (19.7) | 1.8 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis | 44,345 (26.0) | 45,950 (27.0) | 2.1 |
| Congestive heart failure | 67,358 (39.5) | 68,974 (40.5) | 1.9 |
| Depression | 37,934 (22.3) | 39,587 (23.2) | 2.3 |
| Glaucoma | 33,156 (19.5) | 33,875 (19.9) | 1.1 |
| Hip/pelvic fracture | 5,399 (3.2) | 5,841 (3.4) | 1.4 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 119,122 (69.9) | 118,618 (69.6) | 0.7 |
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia | 26,053 (15.3) | 26,033 (15.3) | 0.0 |
| Hypertension | 155,251 (91.1) | 155,274 (91.2) | 0.0 |
| Acquired hypothyroidism | 35,515 (20.9) | 36,306 (21.3) | 1.1 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 98,741 (58.0) | 99,601 (58.5) | 1.0 |
| Osteoporosis | 22,309 (13.1) | 23,355 (13.7) | 1.7 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis | 79,294 (46.6) | 80,824 (47.5) | 1.8 |
| Stroke/transient ischemic attack | 33,963 (20.0) | 35,242 (20.7) | 1.9 |
Data are means (SD) for continuous variables and frequencies (percent) for categorical variables. The absolute standardized difference is the absolute value of the difference of the sample means for the two groups divided by the mutual SD. Values of <10 are considered nonsignificant. Postmatched population based on one-to-one matching with caliper of 0.1175. All variables measured as of 31 December 2004. ESRD, end-stage renal disease.
*
Medicaid premiums represent the number of months in 2004 where the state Medicaid agency paid the individual’s Medicare premium.
†
Includes male and female breast cancer.