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. 2019 Oct 15;10:1174. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01174

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Copyright © 2019 Lee, Lee, Tung, Huang, Lee, Chen, Chen, Teng, Shen, Hsieh and Kuo

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor inhibition of the CRC xenograft by erinacine A. Nude mice were implanted subcutaneously with DLD-1 cells into their flanks on day 0 and, then, treated with or without (as a control) erinacine A, as described in the Materials and Methods section. (A) The results are presented as isolated tumors and tumor weights. (B) Effect of erinacine A on the growth of the DLD-1 xenograft was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of the tumors was conducted, and multiple tumor fields were evaluated per group. Representative images for all groups from both experiments are presented. H&E staining revealed similar s.c. tumor morphology among all groups of tumors. Fas, FasL, and TNFR staining show the expressed tumor cells treated with erinacine A. TUNEL staining revealed significantly greater apoptosis in response to erinacine A in tumors. (C) Quantitative immunohistochemical proteins Fas, FasL, TNFR, and histone H3K9K14ac were evaluated by average integrated optical density (AIOD). The positive stained area was evaluated from three randomly selected observation fields of each brain section. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6/group). *P < 0.05, as compared with the control group at magnification X400.