Table 3.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the three EVOOs
| VOCs | Code | RIt/RIsp | ID | Ogliarola | Ravece | Ruvea antica | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrocarbons | ||||||||||
| Heptane | H1 | 700/700 | RI/MS/S | 1.23 | a | nd | b | nd | b | *** |
| Octane | H2 | 800/800 | RI/MS/S | 3.28 | a | 2.11 | ab | 1.19 | b | ** |
| Toluene | H3 | 1021/1022 | RI/MS/S | 0.75 | a | 0.52 | ab | 0.33 | b | * |
| Aldehydes | ||||||||||
| Butanal 2‐methyl | Ald1 | 878/880 | RI/MS/S | 0.54 | a | nd | b | nd | b | *** |
| Hexanal | Ald2 | 1057/1058 | RI/MS/S | 10.38 | a | 9.72 | a | 3.97 | b | * |
| 2‐Pentenal (E) | Ald3 | 1111/1111 | RI/MS/S | 0.83 | a | 0.69 | a | nd | b | *** |
| 3‐Hexenal (Z) | Ald4 | 1124/1126 | RI/MS | 1.53 | a | 1.98 | a | nd | b | *** |
| Heptanal | Ald5 | 1180/1182 | RI/MS/S | 0.36 | a | nd | b | nd | b | *** |
| 2‐Hexenal (E) | Ald6 | 1213/1207 | RI/MS/S | 292.63 | a | 208.48 | a | 31.24 | b | *** |
| Octanal | Ald7 | 1292/1287 | RI/MS/S | 0.53 | 0.41 | 3.26 | ns | |||
| 2‐Heptenal (Z) | Ald8 | 1324/1320 | RI/MS/S | 0.61 | a | 0.28 | ab | nd | b | *** |
| 2,4‐Hexadienal | Ald9 | 1394/1397 | RI/MS | 0.71 | a | 0.54 | a | nd | b | *** |
| 2,4‐Heptadienal | Ald10 | 1465/1451 | RI/MS | 0.71 | a | 0.72 | a | 0.35 | b | ** |
| Nonanal | Ald11 | 1391/1385 | RI/MS/S | 1.64 | 1.16 | 11.62 | ns | |||
| Alcohols | ||||||||||
| 1‐Penten‐3‐ol | Al1 | 1156/1157 | RI/MS/S | 2.75 | 3.46 | 2.18 | ns | |||
| 1‐Butanol‐3‐methyl | Al2 | 1211/1212 | RI/MS/S | nd | b | nd | b | 0.72 | a | *** |
| 1‐Pentanol | Al3 | 1256/1255 | RI/MS/S | nd | b | 0.42 | b | 1.44 | a | *** |
| 2‐Penten‐1‐ol (Z) | Al4 | 1319/1312 | RI/MS/S | 0.30 | 0.61 | 0.42 | ns | |||
| 2‐Penten‐1‐ol (E) | Al5 | 1326/1327 | RI/MS | 2.80 | ab | 4.56 | a | 1.79 | b | ** |
| 1‐Hexanol | Al6 | 1358/1360 | RI/MS/S | 4.52 | b | 14.85 | b | 30.63 | a | *** |
| 3‐Hexen‐1‐ol (E) | Al7 | 1368/1351 | RI/MS/S | nd | b | 0.43 | a | 0.40 | a | ** |
| 3‐Hexen‐1‐ol (Z) | Al8 | 1385/1390 | RI/MS/S | 4.21 | b | 10.43 | a | 4.45 | b | ** |
| 2‐Hexen‐1‐ol (E) | Al9 | 1405/1400 | RI/MS/S | 6.63 | b | 49.26 | a | 76.08 | a | *** |
| 1‐Octanol | Al10 | 1562/1562 | RI/MS/S | 0.28 | a | nd | b | nd | b | *** |
| Benzyl alcohol | Al11 | 1866/1865 | RI/MS/S | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.10 | ns | |||
| Phenylethyl alcohol | Al12 | 1901/1859 | RI/MS/S | 0.69 | a | 0.34 | b | 0.21 | b | *** |
| Ketones | ||||||||||
| 3‐Pentanone | K1 | 984/984 | RI/MS/S | 2.27 | b | 6.36 | b | 20.51 | a | *** |
| 2‐Pentanone‐4‐methyl | K2 | 1003/1006 | RI/MS/S | 9.99 | ab | 16.26 | a | 6.60 | b | ** |
| 1‐Penten‐3‐one | K3 | 1012/1014 | RI/MS/S | 8.32 | a | 2.87 | b | nd | b | *** |
| 2‐Octanone | K4 | 1286/1285 | RI/MS/S | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.07 | ns | |||
| 6‐Methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one | K5 | 1338/1336 | RI/MS/S | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.33 | ns | |||
| Esters | ||||||||||
| Ethyl acetate | E1 | 853/854 | RI/MS/S | 0.14 | b | 0.11 | b | 0.33 | a | *** |
| 2‐Methyl ethyl butanoate | E2 | 1034/1033 | RI/MS/S | 0.16 | a | nd | b | nd | b | *** |
| Hexyl acetate | E3 | 1277/1307 | RI/MS/S | 0.24 | a | 0.16 | a | nd | b | *** |
| 3‐Hexen‐1‐ol acetate (Z) | E4 | 1321/1390 | RI/MS | 0.57 | b | 2.47 | a | 0.93 | b | ** |
| Methyl salicylate | E5 | 1767/1760 | RI/MS/S | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.23 | ns | |||
| Carboxylic acids | ||||||||||
| Propanoic acid | A1 | 1543/1523 | RI/MS/S | 0.53 | 0.41 | 0.34 | ns | |||
| Butanoic acid | A2 | 1633/1619 | RI/MS/S | nd | b | 0.13 | a | nd | b | *** |
| Hexanoic acid | A3 | 1851/1850 | RI/MS/S | 0.76 | 0.72 | 0.61 | ns | |||
| Heptanoic acid | A4 | 1918/1913 | RI/MS/S | 0.44 | ab | 0.77 | a | nd | b | ** |
| Octanoic acid | A5 | 2048/2046 | RI/MS/S | 1.57 | 2.72 | 1.14 | ns | |||
| Nonanoic acid | A6 | 2174/2171 | RI/MS/S | 0.90 | ab | 1.42 | a | 0.12 | b | * |
| Terpenes | ||||||||||
| dl‐Limonene | T1 | 1183/1185 | RI/MS/S | 0.29 | a | nd | b | 0.18 | a | ** |
| cis β‐Ocimene | T2 | 1252/1245 | RI/MS/S | 0.46 | b | 0.93 | a | 0.44 | b | * |
| α‐Copaene | T3 | 1481/1488 | RI/MS | 0.21 | b | 1.72 | a | 0.39 | b | *** |
| α‐Bergamotene | T4 | 1579/1580 | RI/MS | nd | b | 0.19 | a | 0.12 | ab | ** |
| α‐Muurolene | T5 | 1721/1722 | RI/MS | nd | b | 0.22 | a | nd | b | *** |
| α‐Farnesene | T6 | 1721/1751 | RI/MS/S | 0.57 | a | nd | b | 0.18 | b | *** |
| Others | ||||||||||
| Aniline | O1 | 1753/1754 | RI/MS/S | 0.49 | 0.73 | 0.64 | ns | |||
Data are the mean values of three samples. For each metabolite, the mean values followed by a different letters are significantly different (p < .05) according to one‐way ANOVA test (ns = not significant; *, **, *** = significant at values < .05, .01, .001). Concentrations were calculated as RPA (%). ID = Identification method as indicated by the following: RI: Kovats retention index on the HP‐Innowax column; MS: NIST and Wiley libraries spectra; S: co‐injection with authentic standard compounds on the HP‐Innowax column. RIt/RIsp: Relative theoretical retention index versus Relative retention index experimentally calculated against n‐alkanes (C8‐C20) on the HP‐Innowax column.