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. 2019 Oct 2;8:90. doi: 10.1038/s41377-019-0194-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 13 — a Exploring the singularity splitting phenomenon in AMC systems²⁰⁰. b Multiple singularity formation in fractional OAM VBs²¹¹. Tailoring multi-singularity beams with c a circular vortex array²⁰⁷ and d an optical vortex array along an arbitrary curvilinear arrangement²⁰⁸. a Reprinted with permission from ref. ²⁰⁰, Copyright (2019), with permission from Elsevier. b Reprinted with permission from ref. ²¹¹, OSA Publishing. c Reprinted with permission from ref. ²⁰⁷. Copyright (2019) by John Wiley and Sons. d Reprinted with permission from ref. ²⁰⁸, OSA Publishing