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. 2019 Oct 2;8:90. doi: 10.1038/s41377-019-0194-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Polarization topology of optical Möbius strips with twisted TCs of –1/2 and –3/2 (a, b)⁵⁶. Nodal trefoil knot and pigtail braid knot OVs (c, d) and corresponding phase distributions (e, f)¹⁰⁴. Optical vortex knots of a threefold distorted loop (g), a trefoil knot (h), and a pair of linked rings (i)¹⁰³. a, b From ref. ⁵⁶. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. c–f Reprinted by permission from Nature Physics¹⁰⁴, Copyright (2019). g–i Reprinted by permission from Nature Physics¹⁰³, Copyright (2019)