Table 3.

Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) from final multivariable models of clinical and histopathological characteristics and molecular markers independently associated with subsequent tumor events

Variable	Local invasive cancer HR (95 % CI)	Regional/metastatic invasive HR (95 % CI)
Age at diagnosis (years)	1.0 (0.98–1.03)	1.01 (1.0–1.1)
Detection by palpation† (vs. mammography)	2.1 (1.1–4.0)	2.4 (0.9–6.6)
Menopausal Status and p16
Post- and negative	Reference
Post- and positive	1.7 (0.9–3.0)
Pre- and negative	1.2 (0.2–9.6)
Pre- and positive	5.8 (1.9–17.6)
p16/COX-2/ER/ERBB2
Pos/Pos/Neg/Pos		5.2 (1.4–19.5)
All other groupings		1.0 (referent)

Univariately significant variables were included in a backward/forward model selection approach

^†Palpable mass found by the woman or by her physician upon physical examination