Table 3.
Mean and difference in overall HRQoL outcome (0–100 scale), the first and second measurement time
| HRQoL outcome | Gender | Mean gender difference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girl | Boy | |||||
| No. | Mean (SD) | No. | Mean (SD) | Crude (95% CI)a | Adjusted (95% CI)b | |
| KIDscreen | ||||||
| Vg1 Baseline | 228 | 69.8 (11.5) | 168 | 76.3 (10.7) | 6.5 (3.78, 9.24)* | 6.1 (3.69, 8.50)* |
| Vg3 Follow‐up | 270 | 65.7 (13.3) | 197 | 73.5 (12.4) | 7.7 (5.18, 10.30)* | 7.2 (4.82, 9.64)* |
| Change (95% CI)a | −3.8 (−5.49, −2.19)* | −2.6 (−4.55, −0.70)* | 0.35c | 0.39c | ||
| Self‐assessed health | ||||||
| Vg1 Baseline | 228 | 2.67 (0.93) | 167 | 3.20 (0.92) | 0.52 (0.30, 0.73)* | 0.52 (0.34, 0.71)* |
| Vg3 Follow‐up | 268 | 2.62 (0.96) | 196 | 3.05 (0.96) | 0.43 (0.23, 0.63)* | 0.45 (0.27, 0.64)* |
| Change (95% CI)a | −0.03 (−0.16, 0.09) | −0.12 (−0.26, 0.31) | 0.41c | 0.48c | ||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health‐related quality of life; SD standard deviation.
a
From a linear mixed‐effects model with a random intercept.
b
Adjusted for age and residential status; missing data for age (N = 10) and residential status (N = 173) was imputed using a multiple‐imputation technique.
c
P for interaction was obtained using a likelihood ratio test for time‐by‐gender interaction, that is to test whether change in outcome from Vg1 to Vg3 was different for boys and girls.
*
p < .001.