. 2019 Oct 22;19:739. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4543-x

Table 6.

Hospital competition and prostatectomy/appendectomy medical expenses using hospital number to measure hospital competition

Factor	Surgical Group	Total hospital charge		OOP		Reimbursement
Factor	Surgical Group	Proportional Change (95% CI)	P Value	Proportional Change (95% CI)	P Value	Proportional Change (95% CI)	P Value
Hospital number	Prostatectomy	−0.003	< 0.001	−0.144	0.004	0.090	0.03
	Prostatectomy	(−0.004, − 0.001)	< 0.001	(− 0.242, − 0.047)	0.004	(0.007, 0.165)	0.03
	Appendectomy	0.004	< 0.001	−0.029	< 0.001	0.039	< 0.001
	Appendectomy	(0.003, 0.006)	< 0.001	(−0.040, − 0.019)	< 0.001	(0.028, 0.050)	< 0.001
Other control variables^a		Yes		Yes		Yes

Abbreviations: OOP out of pocket; CI confidence interval

^aAdjusted by following control variables: gender, age, occupation, insurance, admission severity, whether in critical condition, admission approach, length of stay, hospital classification, hospital level, profit and ownership classification, urbanization rate, GDP per capita and a set of county dummies