Table 4.

Conventional and immunomodulatory therapeutic approach to feline chronic gingivostomatitis

	Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis
Teeth extraction	All teeth with inflammation of the gingiva and adjacent mucosa should be removed, as well as teeth with dental resorption lesions and with advanced periodontal disease [21, 55].
Oral hygiene	Professional veterinary dental cleaning with follow-up controls [57, 60].
Corticosteroids	Prednisolone after tooth extraction (3–4 mg/kg SID during 3 to 4 weeks) [57, 59]. Although its use is still controversial among authors.
Cyclosporine	Cyclosporine is a potent immunossupressive that minimizes IL-2 expression and subsequently minimizes T cell numbers. Usually microemulsified cyclosporine suspension (2–5 mg/kg PO BID) is used. However a modified cyclosporine has recently been introduced (7.5–10 mg/kg PO SID) and needs to be administrated in higher dosages to attain proper blood levels [57, 59, 61].
Feline recombinant interferon omega	This drug has not displayed adverse effects and is licensed to treat retroviral infections. Studies have shown that interferon delivered transmucosally was as effective as prednisolone in decreasing clinical signs [57, 59].
CO2 laser therapy	The purpose of this therapy is to carbonize inflamed tissue, resulting in the formation of scar tissue. This scar tissue is considerably less likely to become inflamed over time. This therapy may be repeated in 4 to 6 weeks, if needed [57, 59, 62].