Fig. 2.

Ethanol extracts of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich (ECZ) triggered apoptosis in mouse colon cancer CT-26 cells. a Cell viability. b Apoptosis induction. c Representive graph of apoptotic cells. d Expression of representative apoptosis-related proteins. e Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. f Relative fold change of cleaved caspase-3. g Relative fold changes of cleaved PARP. The cells were treated with various concentrations (100–300 μg/ml) of ECZ for 24 h. Cell viability was determined using a standard CCK-8 assay. Cell viability is represented as the percent of relative absorbance relative to the controls. Apoptosis induction was evaluated using annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry. Total cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation for at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001