Table 4.

Linear regression analysis for SDQ (emotional symptoms, hyperactivity, total difficulties) by parental migration groups and demographic characteristic

	Emotional symptomsa B(SE)	Hyperactivityb B(SE)	Total difficultiesc B(SE)
Parental migration status (ref: N-LBC)
B-LBC	0.36 (0.11)**	0.22 (0.11)**	0.79 (0.29)**
O-LBC	0.21 (0.12)	0.27 (0.12)	0.66 (0.31)
Gender (ref: male)
Female	0.55 (0.10)***	0.08 (0.10)	0.17 (0.25)
Age	0.02 (0.04)	0.25 (0.04)***	0.16 (0.10)
Perceived income level (ref: much better off/better off/the same)
Poorer/much poorer	0.47 (0.18)**	0.31 (0.18)	1.66 (0.44)***
Any sibling (ref: yes)
No	− 0.18 (0.10)	− 0.26 (0.10)*	− 0.57 (0.26)*

B-LBC left-behind children with both parents migrating, O-LBC left-behind children with one parent migrating, N-LBC neither parents had migrated

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

^aN = 1932, R² = 0.027; ^bN = 1934, R² = 0.028; ^cN = 1907, R² = 0.016