Table 3.
Subject baseline characteristics across groups. (Note: Values are mean (SD) unless otherwise stated)
| Variable | AEP | FP | Healthy | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 23) | (n = 27) | (n = 28) | ||
| Subject Demographics | ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Males | 4 (17.4%) | 21 (77.8%) | 12 (42.9%) | p < 0.001* |
| Females | 19 (82.6%) | 6 (22.2%) | 16 (57.1%) | |
| Age (years) | 43.7 (11.2) | 41.0 (10.0) | 38.5 (11.2) | p = 0.238 |
| Mass (kg) | 68.9 (18.0) | 82.5 (14.6) | 72.9 (15.2) |
p = 0.005* (AEP vs. FP) |
| Height (cm) | 164.9 (10.2) | 175.9 (8.7) | 169.4 (7.3) |
p < 0.001* (AEP vs. FP/FP vs. H) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.8 (4.9) | 23.4 (3.5) | 21.5 (4.1) | p = 0.127 |
| Pain | ||||
| Site of Back Pain N(%) | ||||
| Right | 8 (34.8%) | 5 (18.5%) | – | – |
| Left | 2 (8.7%) | 3 (11.1%) | ||
| Central | 13 (56.4%) | 19 (70.4%) | ||
| Time Since Pain Onset N(%) | ||||
| 3–6 months | 2 (8.7%) | 8 (29.6%) | – | – |
| 6–12 months | 7 (30.4%) | 2 (7.4%) | – | – |
| 1–2 years | 1 (4.3%) | 3 (11.1%) | – | – |
| 2–3 years | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.7%) | – | – |
| 3–4 years | 2 (8.7%) | 2 (7.4%) | – | – |
| 4–5 years | 3 (13%) | 3 (11.1%) | – | – |
| 5–10 years | 3 (13%) | 4 (14.8%) | – | – |
| 10+ years | 5 (21.7%) | 4 (14.8%) | – | – |
| Patient Reported Measures | ||||
| AEP | FP | |||
| (n = 23) | (n = 26) | |||
| ODQ | 22.5 (11.6) | 21.6 (10.0) | – | p = 0.773 |
| DRAM | 29.8 (12.5) | 22.7 (10.9) | – | p = 0.027* |
| VAS | 4.6 (1.4) | 4.5 (1.4) | – | p = 0.986 |
| TSK | 37.5 (6.8) | 37.6 (5.3) | – | p = 0.993 |
Key: FP = Flexion pattern motor control impairment, AEP = Active extension pattern motor control impairment, H = Healthy, BMI = Body Mass Index (mass (kg)/height (m)2), kg = kilogrammes, cm = centimetres, *significant difference (p < 0.05), ODQ = Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, DRAM = Distress and Risk assessment method, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, TSK = Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia