Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Total (n = 512) |
Men (n = 240; 46.9%) |
Women (n = 272; 53.1%) |
p-value for sex-difference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD or % | Mean ± SD or % | Mean ± SD or % | |||
| Age (years old) | 73.4 ± 5.6 | 73.4 ± 5.6 | 73.4 ± 5.6 | 0.979a | |
| Residential area | Downtown area | 52.3 | 47.1 | 57.0 | 0.027b |
| Years of residence in the area | 53.9 ± 17.5 | 59.1 ± 18.7 | 49.2 ± 15.0 | < 0.001a | |
| Marital status | Married | 80.3 | 92.9 | 69.1 | < 0.001b |
| Current working status | Working | 41.6 | 47.9 | 36.0 | 0.007b |
| Years of education | ≥ 10 years | 61.7 | 72.9 | 51.8 | < 0.001b |
| Subjective financial stability | Poor | 4.9 | 3.8 | 5.9 | 0.821c |
| Somewhat poor | 18.9 | 20.4 | 17.6 | ||
| Normal | 61.3 | 60.4 | 62.1 | ||
| Somewhat affluent | 12.7 | 12.5 | 12.9 | ||
| Affluent | 2.1 | 2.9 | 1.5 | ||
| Body mass index | Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 8.2 | 3.8 | 12.1 | 0.123c |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 73.8 | 78.8 | 69.5 | ||
| Overweight (≥ 25.0 kg/m2) | 18.0 | 17.5 | 18.4 | ||
| Comorbidity | 0 | 34.4 | 32.9 | 35.7 | 0.070c |
| 1 | 36.5 | 32.5 | 40.1 | ||
| ≥ 2 | 29.1 | 34.6 | 24.3 | ||
| Sekentei Scale score (ranging from 12 to 60) | 41.5 ± 5.0 | 41.4 ± 4.8 | 41.6 ± 5.1 | 0.767a | |
| Physically active | 22.3 | 29.6 | 15.8 | < 0.001b |
SD standard deviation
at-test, bchi-square test, c Mann-Whitney U-test