. 2019 Oct 22;19:1346. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7686-0

Table 3.

Adjusted ORs of CVD biomarkers by lifestyle factors, relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion due to interaction (AP)

Interaction	Total n	TG ≥ 1.695 mmol/L		TC ≥ 5.18 mmol/L		LDL-C ≥ 2.59 mmol/L		HDL-C ≤ 1.036 mmol/L		CRP ≥ 9.52 nmol/L		BG ≥ 5.556 mmol/L
Interaction	Total n	n	OR (95% CI) ^a	n.	OR (95% CI) ^a	n	OR (95% CI) ^a	n	OR (95% CI) ^a	n	OR (95% CI) ^a	n	OR (95% CI) ^a
Drinking by smoking
Not drinking
Not smoking	67,939	13,574	1.00	32,310	1.00	48,687	1.00	5752	1.00	1667	1.00	22,999	1.00
Smoker	15,879	4672	1.18 (1.13, 1.23)***	7840	1.12 (1.08, 1.16)***	12,336	1.16 (1.11, 1.21)***	3085	1.38 (1.31, 1.46)***	514	1.23 (1.10, 1.37)***	8615	1.34 (1.29, 1.40)***
Drinking
Not smoking	13,035	3100	0.90 (0.86, 0.95)***	6403	1.07 (1.03, 1.11)***	9705	0.98 (0.93, 1.02)	1602	0.80 (0.75, 0.85)***	361	1.03 (0.92, 1.67)	5407	0.80 (0.77, 0.84)***
Smoker	17,229	5990	1.29 (1.24, 1.35)***	8347	1.08 (1.04, 1.12)***	12,594	0.83 (0.79, 0.86)***	3256	0.98 (0.93, 1.04)	582	1.24 (1.11, 1.38)***	9015	0.91 (0.88, 0.95)***
RERI_OR (95% CI)			0.21 (0.14, 0.29)***		−0.11 (−0.17, − 0.05)***		−0.31 (− 0.38, − 0.24)***		− 0.20 (− 0.29, − 0.11)***		− 0.03 (− 0.22, 0.17)		− 0.23 (− 0.30, − 0.17)***
AP_OR (95% CI)			0.16 (0.11, 0.22)***		− 0.10 (− 0.16, − 0.04)***		−0.37 (− 0.46, − 0.28)***		−0.20 (− 0.30, − 0.11)***		−0.02 (− 0.18, 0.13)		− 0.25 (− 0.33, − 0.18)***
Drinking by physical activity
Not drinking
No physical activity	49,275	10,522	1.00	23,923	1.00	35,864	1.00	4254	1.00	1269	1.00	17,815	1.00
Physical activity	34,543	7697	1.06 (1.02, 1.09)**	16,227	0.91 (0.89, 0.94)***	25,159	0.98 (0.95, 1.01)	4583	1.77 (1.69, 1.85)***	912	0.98 (0.90, 1.07)	13,799	1.22 (1.18, 1.26)***
Drinking
No physical activity	12,502	3857	1.01 (0.96, 1.06)	6241	1.02 (0.97, 1.06)	9076	0.80 (0.79, 0.84)***	1518	0.71 (0.66, 0.75)***	401	1.02 (0.90, 1.15)	5547	0.68 (0.65, 0.71)***
Physical activity	17,762	5233	1.01 (0.96, 1.05)	8509	0.94 (0.90, 0.97)***	13,223	0.89 (0.85, 0.93)***	3340	1.33 (1.26, 1.41)***	542	0.98 (0.88, 1.10)	8875	0.95 (0.91, 0.99)*
RERI_OR (95% CI)			−0.06 (−0.12, 0.01)		0.01 (− 0.04, 0.06)		0.11 (0.06, 0.16)***		−0.14 (− 0.24, − 0.05)**		−0.01 (− 0.17, 0.14)		0.05 (0.01, 0.11) *
AP_OR (95% CI)			−0.06 (− 0.12, − 0.01)		0.01 (− 0.05, 0.07)		0.12 (0.06, 0.18)***		− 0.11 (− 0.18, − 0.03)**		−0.01 (− 0.17, 0.15)		0.06 (0.01, 0.12)*
Drinking by diet
Not drinking
No/low vegetables	35,695	8329	1.00	17,602	1.00	26,676	1.00	4331	1.00	956	1.00	14,737	1.00
High vegetables	48,123	9890	0.98 (0.95, 1.02)	22,548	0.88 (0.86, 0.91)***	34,347	0.85 (0.82, 0.88)***	4506	0.93 (0.88, 0.97)**	1225	0.96 (0.88, 1.05)	16,877	0.88 (0.85, 0.91)***
Drinking
No/low vegetables	16,298	5252	1.03 (0.98, 1.08)	8047	1.00 (0.96, 1.04)	12,128	0.83 (0.79, 0.87)***	2782	0.72 (0.68, 0.76)***	535	1.05 (0.94, 1.18)	8165	0.73 (0.70, 0.76)***
High vegetables	13,966	3838	0.91 (0.86, 0.95)***	6703	0.92 (0.89, 0.96)***	10,171	0.75 (0.72, 0.79)***	2076	0.70 (0.66, 0.75)***	408	0.93 (0.82, 1.05)	6257	0.65 (0.62, 0.68)***
RERI_OR (95% CI)			−0.10 (− 0.17, − 0.04)***		0.03 (− 0.01, 0.09)		0.08 (0.03, 0.13)**		0.06 (0.001, 0.13)*		−0.08 (− 0.24, 0.08)		0.04 (− 0.004, 0.09)
AP_OR (95% CI)			−0.11 (− 0.18, − 0.04)***		0.04 (− 0.01, 0.10)		0.10 (0.04, 0.17)**		0.09 (0.001, 0.18)*		−0.09 (− 0.26, 0.09)		0.06 (− 0.006, 0.13)
Smoking by physical activity
Not smoking
No physical activity	44,497	8770	1.00	21,484	1.00	31,981	1.00	3139	1.00	1078	1.00	14,560	1.00
Physical activity	36,477	7877	1.08 (1.04, 1.12)***	17,229	0.93 (0.91, 0.96)***	26,411	1.00 (0.97, 1.03)	4215	1.73 (1.65, 1.83)***	950	1.03 (0.94, 1.12)	13,846	1.24 (1.21, 1.29)***
Smoker
No physical activity	17,280	5609	1.30 (1.25, 1.36)***	8680	1.10 (1.05, 1.14)***	12,959	1.02 (0.97, 1.06)	2633	1.30 (1.23, 1.38)***	592	1.27 (1.14, 1.42)***	8802	1.25 (1.20, 1.31)***
Physical activity	15,828	5053	1.28 (1.22, 1.34)***	7507	0.96 (0.92, 1.00)	11,971	1.05 (1.00, 1.10)*	3708	2.40 (1.20, 1.51)***	504	1.16 (1.03, 1.31)*	8828	1.61 (1.54, 1.68)***
RERI_OR (95% CI)			−0.10 (−0.17, −0.03)**		−0.06 (−0.12, −0.02)*		0.04 (− 0.03, 0.10)		0.36 (0.23, 0.49)***		−0.14 (− 0.32, 0.04)		0.11 (0.03, 0.19)**
AP_OR (95% CI)			−0.08 (− 0.14, − 0.02)**		−0.07 (− 0.13, − 0.02)*		0.03 (− 0.02, 0.09)		0.15 (0.10, 0.20)***		− 0.12 (− 0.28, 0.03)		0.07 (0.02, 0.11)**
Smoking by diet
Not smoking
No/low vegetables	33,275	7265	1.00	16,303	1.00	24,614	1.00	3325	1.00	844	1.00	12,538	1.00
High vegetables	47,699	9382	0.98 (0.94, 1.01)	22,410	0.90 (0.87, 0.92)***	33,778	085 (0.82, 0.88)***	4029	0.96 (0.91, 1.00)	1184	0.97 (0.89, 1.06)	15,868	0.90 (0.87, 0.93)***
Smoker
No/low vegetables	18,718	6316	1.30 (1.24, 1.36)***	9346	1.08 (1.04, 1.12)***	14,190	1.01 (0.96, 1.05)	3788	1.39 (1.31, 1.47)***	647	1.26 (1.12, 1.41)***	10,364	1.33 (1.28, 1.39)***
High vegetables	14,390	4346	1.17 (1.11, 1.23)***	6841	0.95 (0.91, 0.99)*	10,740	0.91 (0.87, 0.95)***	2553	1.24 (1.17, 1.32)***	449	1.11 (0.98, 1.25)	7266	1.09 (1.05, 1.15)***
RERI_OR (95% CI)			−0.11 (−0.18, −0.04)**		−0.02 (−0.07, 0.02)		0.05 (−0.001, 0.11)		−0.10 (− 0.19, − 0.01)*		−0.12 (− 0.29, 0.05)		− 0.14 (− 0.21, − 0.07)***
AP_OR (95% CI)			−0.09 (− 0.16, − 0.03)**		−0.03 (− 0.08, 0.03)		0.06 (− 0.001, 0.12)		− 0.08 (− 0.15, − 0.004)*		−0.11 (− 0.27, 0.05)		− 0.13 (− 0.19, − 0.07)***

^aThe model was adjusted for smoking, drinking, physical activity, diet, gender, age, education, marital status, history of cardiovascular disease, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

TG Triglycerides, TC Total cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, CRP C-reactive protein, BG Blood glucose, RERI Relative excess risk due to interaction, AP Attributable proportion due to interaction

*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001; significant data are presented in bold