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. 2019 Oct 21;19:228. doi: 10.1186/s12872-019-1210-4

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 5 — Functional remodelling of the left atrium. Echocardiographic evaluation of atrial size and function. Top panel illustrates the left atrial active fractional area changes (LA-Fac_active) in the AF group (left) and in the control group (right) before pacemaker implantation (before), at baseline (day 0) and on each procedure day (day 3, 9, 27, and 55). Bottom panel illustrates the left atrial area at mitral valve closure (LAA_min). Asterisk indicate significant differences from baseline (*, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001). All echocardiographic examinations were obtained in SR after cardioversion with flecainide (AF group). Data are presented as mean ± SD